---
title: "Example 1: Simulated Data"
output: rmarkdown::html_vignette
vignette: >
  %\VignetteIndexEntry{Example 1: Simulated Data}
  %\VignetteEngine{knitr::rmarkdown}
  %\VignetteEncoding{UTF-8}
---

```{r}
library(PheCAP)
```

```{r}
set.seed(123)
```

Generate simulated data.

```{r}
latent <- rgamma(8000, 0.3)
latent2 <- rgamma(8000, 0.3)
ehr_data <- data.frame(
  patient_id = 1:8000,
  ICD1 = rpois(8000, 7 * (rgamma(8000, 0.2) + latent) / 0.5),
  ICD2 = rpois(8000, 6 * (rgamma(8000, 0.8) + latent) / 1.1),
  ICD3 = rpois(8000, 1 * rgamma(8000, 0.5 + latent2) / 0.5),
  ICD4 = rpois(8000, 2 * rgamma(8000, 0.5) / 0.5),
  NLP1 = rpois(8000, 8 * (rgamma(8000, 0.2) + latent) / 0.6),
  NLP2 = rpois(8000, 2 * (rgamma(8000, 1.1) + latent) / 1.5),
  NLP3 = rpois(8000, 5 * (rgamma(8000, 0.1) + latent) / 0.5),
  NLP4 = rpois(8000, 11 * rgamma(8000, 1.9 + latent) / 1.9),
  NLP5 = rpois(8000, 3 * rgamma(8000, 0.5 + latent2) / 0.5),
  NLP6 = rpois(8000, 2 * rgamma(8000, 0.5) / 0.5),
  NLP7 = rpois(8000, 1 * rgamma(8000, 0.5) / 0.5),
  HU = rpois(8000, 30 * rgamma(8000, 0.1) / 0.1),
  label = NA)
ii <- sample.int(8000, 400)
ehr_data[ii, "label"] <- with(
  ehr_data[ii, ], rbinom(400, 1, plogis(
    -5 + 1.5 * log1p(ICD1) + log1p(NLP1) +
      0.8 * log1p(NLP3) - 0.5 * log1p(HU))))
head(ehr_data)
tail(ehr_data)
```

Define features and labels used for phenotyping.

```{r}
data <- PhecapData(ehr_data, "HU", "label", 0.4, patient_id = "patient_id")
data
```

Specify the surrogate used for surrogate-assisted feature extraction (SAFE). The typical way is to specify a main ICD code, a main NLP CUI, as well as their combination. The default lower_cutoff is 1, and the default upper_cutoff is 10. In some cases one may want to define surrogate through lab test. Feel free to change the cutoffs based on domain knowledge.

```{r}
surrogates <- list(
  PhecapSurrogate(
    variable_names = "ICD1",
    lower_cutoff = 1, upper_cutoff = 10),
  PhecapSurrogate(
    variable_names = "NLP1",
    lower_cutoff = 1, upper_cutoff = 10))
```

Run surrogate-assisted feature extraction (SAFE) and show result.

```{r}
system.time(feature_selected <- phecap_run_feature_extraction(data, surrogates))
feature_selected
```

Train phenotyping model and show the fitted model, with the AUC on the training set as well as random splits.

```{r}
suppressWarnings(model <- phecap_train_phenotyping_model(data, surrogates, feature_selected))
model
```

Validate phenotyping model using validation label, and show the AUC and ROC.

```{r}
validation <- phecap_validate_phenotyping_model(data, model)
validation
round(validation$valid_roc[validation$valid_roc[, "FPR"] <= 0.2, ], 3)
```

```{r}
phecap_plot_roc_curves(validation)
```

Apply the model to all the patients to obtain predicted phenotype.

```{r}
phenotype <- phecap_predict_phenotype(data, model)
idx <- which.min(abs(validation$valid_roc[, "FPR"] - 0.05))
cut.fpr95 <- validation$valid_roc[idx, "cutoff"]
case_status <- ifelse(phenotype$prediction >= cut.fpr95, 1, 0)
predict.table <- cbind(phenotype, case_status)
predict.table[1:10, ]
```

